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Heinrich Müller (28 April 1900; date of death unknown, but evidence points to May 1945) was a German police official under both the Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany. He became chief of the Gestapo, the political secret state police of Nazi Germany, and was involved in the planning and execution of the Holocaust. He was known as "Gestapo Müller" to distinguish him from another SS general named Heinrich Müller. He was last seen in the ''Führerbunker'' in Berlin on 1 May 1945 and remains the most senior figure of the Nazi regime who was never captured or confirmed to have died. ==Early career== Müller was born in Munich, Bavaria, the son of working class Catholic parents. After service in the last year of World War I as a pilot for an artillery spotting unit, during which he was decorated several times for bravery (including the Iron Cross 1st and 2nd class, Bavarian Military Merit Cross 2nd Class with Swords and Bavarian Pilots Badge), he joined the Bavarian Police in 1919. Although not a member of the ''Freikorps'', he was involved in the suppression of the communist risings in the early post-war years. After witnessing the shooting of hostages by the revolutionary "Red Army" in Munich during the Bavarian Soviet Republic, he acquired a lifelong hatred of communism.〔Evans, Richard (2005). ''The Third Reich in Power'', Allen Lane, p. 97〕 During the years of the Weimar Republic he was head of the Munich Political Police Department, and became acquainted with many members of the Nazi Party including Heinrich Himmler and Reinhard Heydrich, although Müller in the Weimar period was generally seen as a supporter of the Bavarian People's Party (which at that time ruled Bavaria). On 9 March 1933, during the Nazi ''putsch'' that deposed the Bavarian government of Minister-President Heinrich Held, Müller had advocated to his superiors using force against the Nazis.〔Noakes, Jeremy & Pridham, Geoffrey (editors) ''Nazism 1919–1945 Volume 2: State, Economy and Society 1933–'39, A Documentary Reader'', Exeter: University of Exeter, 1983 pp. 500–501〕 Ironically, these views aided Müller's rise as it guaranteed the hostility of the Nazis, thereby making Müller very dependent upon the patronage of Reinhard Heydrich, who in turn appreciated Müller's professionalism and skill as a policeman, and was aware of Müller's past, making Müller rely upon Heydrich's protection.〔 Historian Richard J. Evans wrote: "Müller was a stickler for duty and discipline, and approached the tasks he was set as if they were military commands. A true workaholic who never took a holiday, Müller was determined to serve the German state, irrespective of what political form it took, and believed that it was everyone's duty, including his own, to obey its dictates without question."〔 Evans also records that Müller was a regime functionary out of ambition, not out of a belief in National Socialism: On 4 January 1937, an evaluation by the Nazi Party's Deputy ''Gauleiter'' of Munich-Upper Bavaria stated: Himmler's biographer Peter Padfield wrote: "He () was an archetypal middle rank official: of limited imagination, non-political, non-ideological, his only fanaticism lay in an inner drive to perfection in his profession and in his duty to the state—which in his mind were one ... A smallish man with piercing eyes and thin lips, he was an able organiser, utterly ruthless, a man who lived for his work."〔Padfield, Peter (1995). ''Himmler: Reichsführer SS'', Papermac, p. 145〕 Müller became a member of the Nazi Party in 1939 for the purely opportunist reason of improving his chances of promotion and only after Himmler insisted he do it.〔Wistrich, Robert S. (2001). ''Who's Who in Nazi Germany'', Routledge, p. 174〕〔Hamilton, Charles (1996). ''Leaders & Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 2'', R. James Bender Publishing, p. 167〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Heinrich Müller (Gestapo)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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